En este blog se publican textos de autores muy diversos que sirven para apoyar los blogs Redacción sin Dolor, el blog y Caja de Resonancia
jueves, 11 de marzo de 2010
AGENDA CIUDADANA / Topar con lo que no se quería y al revés, por Lorenzo Meyer
miércoles, 3 de marzo de 2010
"Loosey Goosey Saudi", de Maureen Dowd, en el NYTimes, 3 de marzo de 2010

Loosey Goosey Saudi
RIYADH, Saudi Arabia
The Middle Eastern foreign minister was talking about enlightened “liberal” trends in his country, contrasting that with the benighted “extreme” conservative religious movement in a neighboring state.
But the wild thing was that the minister was Prince Saud al-Faisal of Saudi Arabia — an absolute Muslim monarchy ruling over one of the most religiously and socially intolerant places on earth — and the country he deemed too “religiously determined” and regressive was the democracy of Israel.
“We are breaking away from the shackles of the past,” the prince said, sitting in his sprawling, glinting ranch house with its stable of Arabian horses and one oversized white bunny. “We are moving in the direction of a liberal society. What is happening in Israel is the opposite; you are moving into a more religiously oriented culture and into a more religiously determined politics and to a very extreme sense of nationhood,” which was coming “to a boiling point.”
“The religious institutions in Israel are stymieing every effort at peace,” said the prince, wearing a black-and-gold robe and tinted glasses.
Israel is a secular society that some say is growing less secular with religious militants and the chief rabbinate that would like to impose a harsh and exclusive interpretation of Judaism upon the entire society. Ultra-Orthodox rabbis are fighting off the Jewish women who want to conduct their own prayer services at the Western Wall. (In Orthodox synagogues, some men still say a morning prayer thanking God for not making them women.)
The word progressive, of course, is highly relative when it comes to Saudi Arabia. (Wahhabism, anyone?) But after spending 10 days here, I can confirm that, at their own galactically glacial pace, they are chipping away at gender apartheid and cultural repression.
There’s still plenty of draconian pandemonium. Days before I arrived, the Commission for the Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice cracked down with a Valentine’s Day massacre, banning red roses and teddy bears and raiding shops at any flash of crimson. Islamic scholars declared the holiday a sin because it promoted “immoral relations” between unmarried men and women.
Yet by the Saudis’ premodern standards, the 85-year-old King Abdullah, with a harem of wives, is a social revolutionary. The kingdom just announced a new law that will allow female lawyers to appear in court for the first time, if only for female clients on family cases. Last month, the king appointed the first woman to the council of ministers. Last year, he opened the first co-ed university. He has encouraged housing developments with architecture that allows families, and boys and girls within families, to communicate more freely.
Young Saudi women whom I interviewed said that the popular king has relaxed the grip of the bullying mutawa, the bearded religious police officers who patrol the streets ready to throw you in the clink at the first sign of fun or skin. Their low point came in 2002 when they notoriously stopped teenage girls without head scarves from fleeing a fire at a school in Mecca; 15 girls died. Two years ago, they arrested an American woman living here while she was sitting in a Starbucks with her male business partner, even though she was in a curtained booth in the “family” section designated for men and women.
“It is not allowed for any woman to travel alone and sit with a strange man and talk and laugh and drink coffee together like they are married,” the religious police said.
The attempts at more tolerance are belated baby steps to the outside world but in this veiled, curtained and obscured fortress, they are ’60s-style cataclysmic social changes. Last week, Sheik Abdul Rahman al-Barrak, a pugnacious cleric, shocked Saudis by issuing a fatwa against those who facilitate the mixing of men and women. Given that such a fatwa clearly would include the king, Prince Saud dismissed it.
“I think the trend for reform is set, and there is no looking back,” he told me. “Clerics who every now and then come with statements in the opposite direction are releasing frustration rather than believing that they can stop the trend and turn back the clock.”
I said that women I talked to were sanguine that they’d be allowed to drive in the next few years. “I hope so,” he murmured, suggesting I bring an international driver’s license on my next visit.
I asked if technology — Saudis love their cells, Berries and computers, and Bluetooth flirting is rampant in malls — would pry open the obsessively private kingdom.
“Privacy in the modern world is a relative term,” he replied. “How can you have privacy when you have the computer, Twitter and all the others? It is just part of the complications and difficulties of modern life.” (He and the king have never Twittered.) People now, he mused, sounding like a Saudi Garbo, just “have to worry about how to be alone.”
jueves, 6 de marzo de 2008
¿Quién quiere estudiar filosofía en la UNAM?


Jueves, 6 de marzo de 2008
Milenio.com
¿Qué perspectivas profesionales tiene un joven que estudie en la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras o en la de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales de la UNAM? ¿Podría ser contratado en empresas como Unilever, Nokia, Sony o Cemex? ¿Querría? ¿Está preparado para agregar valor económico o para generar empleos?
Durante la única conferencia que dicté en uno de los auditorios de la UNAM, años atrás, recuerdo que los estudiantes me escuchaban con cara de no entiendo nada, como si les estuviera hablando de otro planeta. Yo les hablaba de liderazgo empresarial, y les puse ejemplos de Bimbo o Sabritas. Yo he dado clases por años, y no tengo problema para comunicarme en un lenguaje claro con quien no domina la materia de negocios. El problema estaba del otro lado.
Los numerosos ejemplos de estudiantes de esas facultades, empezando por El Mosh y aderezado esta semana por Lucía Andrea Morett Álvarez —la estudiante mexicana herida en el campamento de las FARC en Ecuador—, deberían merecernos reflexiones serias sobre los programas académicos, las habilidades conceptuales y —en todo caso—, el adoctrinamiento de que son sujetos algunos jóvenes en esas aulas.
Ojo. El problema no está en la disciplina, pues hay exitosos egresados de licenciaturas afines que se emplean en agencias de investigación de mercados o que se insertan en procesos creativos en corporaciones que gustan de nutrirse de talento diverso, multiplicando las posibilidades que les brindan los egresados de las facultades de negocios o economía.
No. El problema está en la intención profesional con la que egresan varios jóvenes de esas facultades. Quieren romper el mundo, no construirlo. Uno, que está en el mundo de los negocios, se puede topar con un dentista transformado en publirrelacionsta teniendo éxito, prosperando, aunque no fue en lo que originalmente estudió. Pero no es común hallar un filósofo de la UNAM inserto en el mundo de los negocios. ¿Por qué será?
En Estados Unidos es numeroso el grupode filósofos o egresados de escuelas de arte que luego estudian un MBA. ¿Su propósito? Hacer negocios. Prosperar. Aquí, sin embargo, los exportamos a los campamentos guerrilleros latinoamericanos. ¿Por qué es ese su destino?
Blogged with Flock
lunes, 25 de febrero de 2008
Celebrating the Semicolon In a Most Unlikely Location
February 18, 2008
It was nearly hidden on a New York City Transit public service placard exhorting subway riders not to leave their newspaper behind when they get off the train.
''Please put it in a trash can,'' riders are reminded. After which Neil Neches, an erudite writer in the transit agency's marketing and service information department, inserted a semicolon. The rest of the sentence reads, ''that's good news for everyone.''
Semicolon sightings in the city are unusual, period, much less in exhortations drafted by committees of civil servants. In literature and journalism, not to mention in advertising, the semicolon has been largely jettisoned as a pretentious anachronism.
Americans, in particular, prefer shorter sentences without, as style books advise, that distinct division between statements that are closely related but require a separation more prolonged than a conjunction and more emphatic than a comma.
''When Hemingway killed himself he put a period at the end of his life,'' Kurt Vonnegut once said. ''Old age is more like a semicolon.''
In terms of punctuation, semicolons signal something New Yorkers rarely do. Frank McCourt, the writer and former English teacher at Stuyvesant High School, describes the semicolon as the yellow traffic light of a ''New York sentence.'' In response, most New Yorkers accelerate; they don't pause to contemplate.
Semicolons are supposed to be introduced into the curriculum of the New York City public schools in the third grade. That is where Mr. Neches, the 55-year-old New York City Transit marketing manager, learned them, before graduating from Tilden High School and Brooklyn College, where he majored in English and later received a master's degree in creative writing.
But, whatever one's personal feelings about semicolons, some people don't use them because they never learned how.
In fact, when Mr. Neches was informed by a supervisor that a reporter was inquiring about who was responsible for the semicolon, he was concerned.
''I thought at first somebody was complaining,'' he said.
One of the school system's most notorious graduates, David Berkowitz, the Son of Sam serial killer who taunted police and the press with rambling handwritten notes, was, as the columnist Jimmy Breslin wrote, the only murderer he ever encountered who could wield a semicolon just as well as a revolver. (Mr. Berkowitz, by the way, is now serving an even longer sentence.)
But the rules of grammar are routinely violated on both sides of the law.
People have lost fortunes and even been put to death because of imprecise punctuation involving semicolons in legal papers. In 2004, a court in San Francisco rejected a conservative group's challenge to a statute allowing gay marriage because the operative phrases were separated incorrectly by a semicolon instead of by the proper conjunction.
Louis Menand, an English professor at Harvard and a staff writer at The New Yorker, pronounced the subway poster's use of the semicolon to be ''impeccable.''
Lynne Truss, author of ''Eats Shoots & Leaves: The Zero Tolerance Approach to Punctuation,'' called it a ''lovely example'' of proper punctuation.
Geoffrey Nunberg, a professor of linguistics at the University of California, Berkeley, praised the ''burgeoning of punctuational literacy in unlikely places.''
Allan M. Siegal, a longtime arbiter of New York Times style before retiring, opined, ''The semicolon is correct, though I'd have used a colon, which I think would be a bit more sophisticated in that sentence.''
The linguist Noam Chomsky sniffed, ''I suppose Bush would claim it's the effect of No Child Left Behind.''
New York City Transit's unintended agenda notwithstanding, e-mail messages and text-messaging may jeopardize the last vestiges of semicolons. They still live on, though, in emoticons, those graphic emblems of our grins, grimaces and other facial expressions.
The semicolon, befittingly, symbolizes a wink.
Blogged with Flock
viernes, 2 de noviembre de 2007
The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Smoking is the single greatest avoidable cause of disease and death. In this report, The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General, the Surgeon General has concluded that:
- Many millions of Americans, both children and adults, are still exposed to secondhand smoke in their homes and workplaces despite substantial progress in tobacco control.
- Levels of a chemical called cotinine, a biomarker of secondhand smoke exposure, fell by 70 percent from 1988-91 to 2001-02. In national surveys, however, 43 percent of U.S. nonsmokers still have detectable levels of cotinine.
- Almost 60 percent of U.S. children aged 3-11 years�or almost 22 million children�are exposed to secondhand smoke.
- Approximately 30 percent of indoor workers in the United States are not covered by smoke-free workplace policies.
- Secondhand smoke exposure causes disease and premature death in children and adults who do not smoke.
- Secondhand smoke contains hundreds of chemicals known to be toxic or carcinogenic (cancer-causing), including formaldehyde, benzene, vinyl chloride, arsenic, ammonia, and hydrogen cyanide.
- Secondhand smoke has been designated as a known human carcinogen (cancer-causing agent) by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Toxicology Program and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has concluded that secondhand smoke is an occupational carcinogen.
- Children exposed to secondhand smoke are at an increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), acute respiratory infections, ear problems, and more severe asthma. Smoking by parents causes respiratory symptoms and slows lung growth in their children.
- Children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are inhaling many of the same cancer-causing substances and poisons as smokers. Because their bodies are developing, infants and young children are especially vulnerable to the poisons in secondhand smoke.
- Both babies whose mothers smoke while pregnant and babies who are exposed to secondhand smoke after birth are more likely to die from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) than babies who are not exposed to cigarette smoke.
- Babies whose mothers smoke while pregnant or who are exposed to secondhand smoke after birth have weaker lungs than unexposed babies, which increases the risk for many health problems.
- Among infants and children, secondhand smoke cause bronchitis and pneumonia, and increases the risk of ear infections.
- Secondhand smoke exposure can cause children who already have asthma to experience more frequent and severe attacks.
- Exposure of adults to secondhand smoke has immediate adverse effects on the cardiovascular system and causes coronary heart disease and lung cancer.
- Concentrations of many cancer-causing and toxic chemicals are higher in secondhand smoke than in the smoke inhaled by smokers.
- Breathing secondhand smoke for even a short time can have immediate adverse effects on the cardiovascular system and interferes with the normal functioning of the heart, blood, and vascular systems in ways that increase the risk of a heart attack.
- Nonsmokers who are exposed to secondhand smoke at home or at work increase their risk of developing heart disease by 25 - 30 percent.
- Nonsmokers who are exposed to secondhand smoke at home or at work increase their risk of developing lung cancer by 20 - 30 percent.
- The scientific evidence indicates that there is no risk-free level of exposure to secondhand smoke.
- Short exposures to secondhand smoke can cause blood platelets to become stickier, damage the lining of blood vessels, decrease coronary flow velocity reserves, and reduce heart rate variability, potentially increasing the risk of a heart attack.
- Secondhand smoke contains many chemicals that can quickly irritate and damage the lining of the airways. Even brief exposure can result in upper airway changes in healthy persons and can lead to more frequent and more asthma attacks in children who already have asthma.
- Eliminating smoking in indoor spaces fully protects nonsmokers from exposure to secondhand smoke. Separating smokers from nonsmokers, cleaning the air, and ventilating buildings cannot eliminate exposures of nonsmokers to secondhand smoke.
- Conventional air cleaning systems can remove large particles, but not the smaller particles or the gases found in secondhand smoke.
- Routine operation of a heating, ventilating, and air conditioning system can distribute secondhand smoke throughout a building.
- The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), the preeminent U.S. body on ventilation issues, has concluded that ventilation technology cannot be relied on to control health risks from secondhand smoke exposure.
Supporting Evidence
Supporting Evidence
Supporting Evidence
Supporting Evidence
Supporting Evidence
Supporting Evidence
The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General was prepared by the Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The Report was written by 22 national experts who were selected as primary authors. The Report chapters were reviewed by 40 peer reviewers, and the entire Report was reviewed by 30 independent scientists and by lead scientists within the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Department of Health and Human Services. Throughout the review process, the Report was revised to address reviewers� comments.
Citation
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2006.
For more information, please refer to the Resources page. Additional highlight sheets are also available at www.cdc.gov/tobacco.
Last revised: January 4, 2007
Esto mismo puede consultarse en la página del United States Department of Health & Human Services.Harvard Researchers Find Nicotine Content has Increased 11%
The discovery of an 11% increase in nicotine content confirms recent statements by the US District Court for the District of Columbia that manufacturers have the ability to manipulate addictive additives.
Boston, MA--A reanalysis of nicotine yield from major brand name cigarettes sold in Massachusetts from 1997 to 2005 has confirmed that manufacturers have steadily increased the levels of this agent in cigarettes. This independent analysis, based on data submitted to the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MDPH) by the manufacturers, found that increases in smoke nicotine yield per cigarette averaged 1.6 percent each year, or about 11 percent over a seven-year period (1998-2005). Nicotine is the primary addictive agent in cigarettes.
The full report "Trends in Smoke Nicotine Yield and Relationship to Design Characteristics Among Popular U.S. Cigarette Brands" is available here: http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nicotine/trends.pdf
In addition to confirming the magnitude of the increase, first reported in August, 2006 by MDPH, researchers from the Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH) extended the analysis to:
1) ascertain how manufacturers accomplished the increase -- not only by intensifying the concentration of nicotine in the tobacco but also by modifying several design features of cigarettes to increase the number of puffs per cigarette. The end result is a product that is potentially more addictive.
2) examine all market categories -- finding that smoke nicotine yields were increased in the cigarettes of each of the four major manufacturers and across all the major cigarette market categories (e.g. mentholated, non-mentholated, full-flavor, light, ultralight).
The analysis was performed by a research team from the Tobacco Control Research Program at HSPH led by program director Gregory Connolly, professor of the practice of public health, and Howard Koh, associate dean for public health practice at HSPH and a former commissioner of public health for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts (1997-2003). The other co-investigators were HSPH researchers Hillel R. Alpert and Geoffrey Ferris Wayne.
"Cigarettes are finely-tuned drug delivery devices, designed to perpetuate a tobacco pandemic," said former Commissioner Koh. "Yet precise information about these products remains shrouded in secrecy, hidden from the public. Policy actions today requiring the tobacco industry to disclose critical information about nicotine and product design could protect the next generation from the tragedy of addiction."
Said Connolly: "Our findings call into serious question whether the tobacco industry has changed at all in its pursuit of addicting smokers since signing the Master Settlement Agreement of 1998 with the State Attorneys General. Our analysis shows that the companies have been subtly increasing the drug nicotine year by year in their cigarettes, without any warning to consumers, since the settlement. Scrutiny by the Attorneys General is imperative. Proposed federal legislation has been filed by Senator Edward Kennedy (D-Ma.) that would address this abuse and bring the tobacco industry under the rules that regulate other manufacturers of drugs."
Beginning in 1997, Massachusetts regulations have required an annual report to be filed with the MDPH by all manufacturers of cigarettes sold in Massachusetts. The reported data include machine-based measures of nicotine yield as well as measures of cigarette design related to nicotine delivery.
The Tobacco Research Program at HSPH obtained from the MDPH a complete set of brand-specific data from 1997 to 2005 and analyzed trends in smoke nicotine yield.
The discovery of an 11 percent increase in nicotine content, said Connolly, confirms recent statements by the US District Court for the District of Columbia that manufacturers have the ability to manipulate addictive additives, and, he said, "it underscores the need for continued surveillance of nicotine delivery in products created by an unregulated industry."
In an opinion in US vs. Philip Morris USA et. al. Judge Gladys Kessler wrote that tobacco companies "can and do control the level of nicotine delivered in order to create and sustain addiction" and further, that the "goal to ensure that their products deliver sufficient nicotine to create and sustain addiction influences their selection and combination of design parameters."
Cigarette smoking causes an estimated 438,000 premature deaths (or about 1 of every 5 deaths) annually in the U.S., and approximately 900,000 persons become addicted to smoking each year.
In conclusion, according to the HSPH researchers, the extended analysis of MDPH data has demonstrated its potential to reveal undisclosed hazards to human health. They suggest that MDPH amend its unique reporting requirements to include more information about cigarette and smokeless tobacco product design features that affect nicotine delivery - as well as testing of a sample of brands for the actual delivery of nicotine to the body.
Work on the report was supported by funds from The American Legacy Foundation and the National Cancer Institute.
For more information contact: Robin Herman rherman@hsph.harvard.edu (617) 432-4752
Tomado de Clark County Tobacco Prevention and Cessation Coalition. Usted puede hallar el reporte original de la Harvard School of Public Health en esta liga:
http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nicotine/trends.pdf
martes, 30 de octubre de 2007
70% de los capitalinos: “la ley de protección a no fumadores sólo es otro pretexto para la corrupción”
Antes que todo quiero aclarar que el 78% de los que participaron en esta encuesta no fuman (aprovecho para confesar que yo estoy con el otro 22%), y por lo tanto las opiniones que recogimos pertenecen en una inmensa mayoría a los que supuestamente pretende proteger la nueva ley de salud promulgada por la Asamblea del DF.
Aclarado lo anterior subrayo:
1. Que los no fumadores —y también los que no fumamos— están mucho más preocupados por los daños que les pueden causar las personas que consumen bebidas alcohólicas en lugares públicos que los que les podamos causar los fumadores que nos atrevemos a fumar a su lado.
2. Que la inmensa mayoría entiende que cumplir cabalmente con esta ley es prácticamente imposible, por lo que su promulgación sólo sirve para que los inspectores tengan otro pretexto para llenarse los bolsillos de mordidas.
3. Que existen muchos asuntos de mayor prioridad para los capitalinos, asuntos sobre los que la Asamblea debería estar legislando antes de meterse a promulgar leyes que nadie les está demandando y que además no se pueden llevar a la práctica.
Vivimos en un país en el que sólo el 2% de los delitos que se cometen acaban siendo sancionados, y eso considerando sólo los delitos que se denuncian; donde cada vez son más los asuntos políticos, ideológicos, económicos y de clase que nos enfrentan unos con otros; donde el consumo de drogas y el abuso con las bebidas alcohólicas están cada vez más presentes entre los jóvenes, entre quienes aumenta también el número de suicidios y las enfermedades obsesivas por no comer o vomitar lo que se ha comido.
¿De verdad los señores legisladores piensan que resulta de la mayor prioridad en medio de este escenario social legislar para que se levanten muros entre los que fumamos y los que no lo hacen, o sólo se entretienen haciendo leyes inútiles para distraer la atención de los ciudadanos, suponiendo que así nos daremos cuenta de su absoluta incapacidad para hacer cumplir las leyes vigentes, o para crear un marco legislativo que medianamente solvente los problemas que son realmente importantes? Es pregunta.
Nota metodológica Encuesta telefónica realizada el 13 de OCTUBRE, considerando 500 entrevistas a personas mayores de 15 años seleccionadas mediante un muestreo aleatorio simple sobre el listado de teléfonos del Distrito Federal. Con el 95% de confianza, el error estadístico máximo que se tiene es de +/- 4.5%
mariadelasheras@demotecnia.com
María de las Heras